Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Understanding Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Every year in the United States there are millions of people infected with  sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).  STDS are diseases transmitted during sexual relations or through skin to skin contact. These diseases can be serious and can lead to complications that can be life altering. Nearly two dozen STDS have been identified to date. Among the most common are: Gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, chlamydia and genital warts.  This article is intended to provide the reader with a basic understanding of what an STD is, provide the reader with prevention tips along with a list of symptoms and treatment options. It is not intended to replace the advise of a qualified physician. If you think you have been infected or exposed to a sexually transmitted diseases please see your physician as soon as possible. Early detection is key.

Who is at Risk for an STD?

The fact is that anyone can contract a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Race does not play a role, neither your age, your economic level or for that matter your sex.
The truth is everyone who is sexually active is at risk for an STD. Currently STDs are more prevalent among young adults. This is in part because young people are engaging in sexual activity at a younger age than previous generations.

What are the Symptoms of an STD?

Not everyone will show the signs and symptoms of an STD.  STDs are often silent. If you suspect you have been exposed, you must see your doctor for an exam and diagnosis. Men are more likely than women to show visible signs of an STD. Here are some common signs of infection:

1. Blisters or lumps around the genital area or mouth 
2. Rashes or sores in the genital area or mouth
3. Painful intercourse
4. Pain in the genital and groin area
5. Swollen lymph glands in the groin area
6. Vaginal bleeding (other than menstrual bleeding)
7. Discharge from the vagina, penis or anus
8. Itching in the groin or anal area
9. Jaundiced (yellow) skin
10. Flu like symptoms
11. Sudden weight loss

How can I Protect Myself from Contracting an STD?

1.  Practice abstinence
2. If you are a teenager, consider waiting until you are over eighteen
3. Have a monogamous relationship
4. Know your partner
5. Get Regular check-ups if you are sexually active
6. Make sure your partner gets tested as well
7. Always use a latex condom with water-based lubricant only
8. Avoid sex during menstruation. (Women may be more vulnerable to infection during this time)
9. Avoid anal sex without a condom
10. Avoid douching
11. Avoid sharing under garments, towels and other personal items such as razors
12. Avoid intravenous needles
13. Get educated on the facts about safe sex
14. Don’t engage in casual sex
15. If you think you are infected, stop having sex, see your doctor immediately 
16. Do not be embarrassed to: use a condom, ask your partner to be tested and seek help

Can an STD be Spread any Other Way Than Sexual Contact?
Be sure to keep in mind that sexual contact refers to not only intercourse but anal and oral sex as well. Some STDs only require skin to skin contact in the genital area. 
     

Can an STD Cause Long-Term Damage?

STDs that are not caught in their early stages, such as chlamydia, can lead to complications such  as Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). This is a serious disease that if left untreated can leave a woman sterile. An STD can  damage organs and leave you with a weakened immune system. If you become pregnant while you are infected the STD could be passed on to your baby.

How are STDS Treated?

STDS such as syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia, are often treated with penicillin or other antibiotics. Viral STDs such as HIV and herpes do not presently have a cure, but can be controlled through  medication. Treatments are available to control the virus such as antiretroviral drugs for HIV. You will want to discuss your options with your physician.